Various Security Issues and their Remedies in Cloud Computing

The services of cloud computing is expending day by day. It has given shape to the theoretical infrastructure for future computations. The computational framework is running very fast worldwide towards cloud based architecture, though cloud computing is becoming very popular now a days but there are some other issues which should be considered-one of the major issue is security. In this paper, some major security issues has been analyzed and main emphasis is to rectify those issues

Comparison of clinical safety of minimal access surgery/laparoscopy versus open surgery in terms of patient outcomes and risk to theatre staff during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected surgical practice in all parts of the world because the safety of minimal access surgery (MAS) was questioned during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased concern with regard to disease spread. This study assessed the available evidence on the safety of laparoscopy as compared to open surgery during the COVID-19, explored the possible precautions to be taken to prevent exposure of the operating team to the viral infection. The objective of this study was to access the clinical safety of laparoscopy as compared to open surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Department of Surgery, GMC, India, from January 2020 to January 2021. The various outcomes assessed included: burden of covid-19 infection among the patients, deaths due to COVID-19, infection acquired by staff, length of hospital stay and post-discharge symptomatology among patients.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of median age of patients (p=0.853), gender (p=0.835), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status (p=0.876), urgency of operation (p=0.074), total time in theatre complex (p=0.163) or total number of theatre staff involved (p=0.831). The length of stay in the hospital was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic as compared the open group (3.5 versus 9 days; p=0.011).Conclusions: Based on our review, we concluded that if recommended guidelines are followed and proper precautions are taken, laparoscopic surgery is safe for patients and theatre staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only on the basis of COVID-19, laparoscopy should not be replaced by laparotomy. If laparoscopy is strongly indicated in patients, it can be used with precautions because of its benefits over open surgery

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin induces cytosol acidification in LFA-1 expressing immune cells

Studies have suggested that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (LtxA) kills human lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18)-bearing immune cells through a lysosomal-mediated mechanism. Lysosomes are membrane-bound cellular organelles that contain an array of acid hydrolases that are capable of breaking down biomolecules. The lysosomal membrane bilayer confines the pH-sensitive enzymes within an optimal acidic (pH 4.8) environment thereby protecting the slightly basic cytosol (pH 6.8-7.5). In the current study, we have probed the effect of LtxA-induced cytolysis on lysosomal integrity in two different K562 erythroleukemia cell lines. K562-puro/LFA-1 cells were stably transfected with CD11a and CD18 cDNA to express LFA-1 on the cell surface while K562-puro, which does not express LFA-1, served as a control. Following treatment with 100 ng ml-1 LtxA cells were analyzed by live cell imaging in conjunction with time-lapse confocal microscopy and by flow cytometry. Using a pH-sensitive indicator (pHrodo®) we demonstrated that the toxin causes a decrease in the intracellular pH in K562-puro/LFA-1 cells that is noticeable within the first 15 min of treatment. This process correlated with the disappearance of lysosomes in the cytosol as determined by both acridine orange and LysoTracker® Red DND-99 staining. These changes were not observed in K562-puro cells or when heat inactivated toxin was added to K562-puro/LFA-1. Our results suggest that LtxA induces lysosomal damage, cytosol acidification, which is followed by cell death in K562-puro/LFA-1 cells. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Can we use Hare’s psychopathy model within forensic and non-forensic populations? An empirical investigation

Although psychopathy construct (SRP-SF) was assessed among various samples, prior research did not investigate whether the model proposed by Hare and colleagues can be used to capture psychopathy scores derived from forensic and non-forensic populations. The main objective of the current study was to test dimensionality, construct validity, and factorial invariance of the SRP-SF within prison (N = 730) and student (N = 2,506) samples. Our results indicate that the SRP-SF measure cannot be used in the same way within forensic and non-forensic samples, which may be due to the inclusion of criminal/antisocial traits as an integral part of psychopathy

Design of phase change Ge2Sb2Te5 based on-off electro-optic switch

Design of electro-optic ON-OFF switches based on well-known phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) is presented. The electro-optic switch is achieved by implementing by co-directional coupling between a 220 nm thick silicon nanowire and a silicon waveguide topped with ITO-GST-ITO layers at the 1.55μm wavelength. By introducing the electric field via the ITO electrodes, the GST layer can be changed between the amorphous and crystalline states. As the modal loss in the crystalline state is much higher than the amorphous state, through a rigorous modal analysis of the coupled silicon nanowire and GST waveguide by using the finite element method, the optimal ITO spacing is obtained at 75nm which is less sensitive to device parameter variations and thus offering better tolerances. The GST thickness is also optimized for the phase matching point at 25 nm in order to efficiently transfer power from silicon nanowire to GST waveguide to attain the OFF state. Once the device is phase matched in crystalline state, the power in the amorphous state will pass with very little interaction with the GST waveguide resulting in an ON state. The Eigenmode Expansion Method of Fimmprop is used as a junction analysis approach to calculate the optical power coupling efficiencies to the output silicon nanowire. The extinction ratio of the electro-optic switch and insertion loss in ON state at phase matching can be obtained as a function of the device length. A compact 1.75 μm long device shows a high extinction ratio of 22 dB with an insertion loss of only 0.56 dB

An audit of trauma related mortality in Government Medical College, Jammu

Background: Surgical audit is defined as a systematic, critical analysis of the quality of surgical care that is reviewed by peers against explicit criteria or recognized standards, and then used to further inform and improve surgical practice with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of care for patients. Aims and objectives were to study the profile of patients who died due to trauma and to identify factors involved in both pre-hospital and hospital care.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of surgery, GMC Jammu during over a period of one year. The profile of all traumatic deaths was studied to evaluate the various causes of trauma related mortality, age and sex relationship, mortality rate, prognostic indicators and also to identify factors involved in both pre-hospital and hospital care.Results: A total of 414 deaths occurred due to trauma. Out of these 317 patients were males and 97 patients were females comprising male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Road traffic accidents accounted for majority of the deaths (57%) followed by falls (35.5%), assaults (5.07%) and miscellaneous causes (2.43%). In children less than 15 years of age, traumatic deaths were more due to falls, whereas in adults it was more due to road traffic accidents. In our study there was steady rise of fatalities during weekend days with a peak on Saturday. Cranio-cerebral injuries were responsible for majority of the traumatic deaths (85.9%) followed by limb injuries including fractures (38.4%), thoracic injuries (27.7%), abdominal injuries (24.6%), pelvic injuries (20.7%) and spine injuries (14.2%).Conclusions: This study can be the impetus to motivate committed professionals in the trauma specialty to help in the organization of available facilities and to upgrade existing facilities for a better response to injury, which should not be different from other public health responses

Comparative study of transabdominal preperitoneal versus open Lichtenstein hernia repair in primary inguinal hernia

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgery in surgical practice and has evolved through various techniques. However, which technique is gold standard is still a topic of debate and the clinical studies are not adequate to show clear benefits of one technique over another. Objective was to compare the outcome of transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) versus open Lichtenstein tension free mesh repair in primary inguinal hernia.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with sample size of 80 patients (40 cases in each group) and these patients were compared in terms of operative time, complications, duration of hospital stay, postoperative recovery, postoperative pain and timing of return to normal activity and work.Results: On comparing the results of our study we found that in unilateral cases the operating time was greater in the TAPP group than the Lichtenstein group; however, in the bilateral cases, the operating time was significantly greater in the Lichtenstein repair group than the laparoscopic TAPP group. The incidence of post operative complications was lower in TAPP group (8.2%) then in open hernia repair group (21.6%). The time to return to normal activity was also lower for laparoscopic group in both unilateral and bilateral cases.Conclusions: It can be concluded that laparoscopic TAPP repair offers significant advantage over open tension free mesh hernioplasty in terms of lesser post operative pain, lesser complications and early return to normal activity, better cosmetic outcomes, and less persisting pain but it is associated with a higher operative time depending on surgeon’s expertise, more costly for the patient and there is no significant difference in early post operative complications

Design of a Compact Low-Loss Phase Shifter Based on Optical Phase Change Material

We propose the design of a nonvolatile,low-lossopticalphase shifter based on optical phase change material(O-PCM).The opticalphase change material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1(GSST), which exhibitslow lossat telecommunication wavelength1.55 μmas compared to other commonly used O-PCMs, is usedin this work as the active material. Instead of direct interaction of the waveguide mode with the O-PCM, the design utilizescouplingbetween the primary SiN strip waveguide andawaveguide formed by O-PCM, in itsamorphous state.Thephase matching in the amorphous state inhibits theinteraction of the waveguide mode withGSST in itshighly lossy crystalline state resulting in low loss operation.Due to a high differential refractive index between the two states of GSST, the design requires a very small length of the phase shifter to accumulate the desired phase difference.The overall response of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurationusing the designedphase shiftershows that the design can be used to obtain optical switching with avery small insertion loss and crosstalk over the entire C-band